Tawfik explained that four plants were established to produce ammonia. They are: Helwan, El Masreya, Misr Fertilizers Production Company (MOPCO) and Alexandria. He went on to explain that KIMA plant started production since the 1960s, and soon became one of the most important pillars of the industry; however, due to the increase in electricity consumption and its high cost, the plant was converted to operate with natural gas to produce urea instead of ammonia nitrate.